Clinical Informatics Board Practice Exam

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• Which statement best characterizes objectivist research?
• The checklist effect describes:
• In a decision tree, which symbol represents a chance node?
• Which statement best describes premature closure in diagnostic reasoning?
• Macro-evaluation refers to:
• The translation of HL7 messages from v2.3.1 to v2.5.1 is most efficiently accomplished by using which model?
• Which statement about Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is accurate?
• Which set correctly lists the three core components of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)?
• What does Guiard's model emphasize about manual input during interaction?
• What does the Action-Centered Leadership Model emphasize?
• Which statement best describes translational research in health care?
• SNOMED allows users to build more complex terms from simpler ones.
• Which option is one of the eight leadership principles considered stronger, longer-term motivators than money?
• Systematic reviews belong to which level in the hierarchy of evidence?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three core needs in McClelland's acquired needs theory?
• Which standards body oversees the development of HTML, XML, and OWL?
• What are the three stages in Lewin's change model?
• How is diffusion of innovation defined?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes expected value from expected utility?
• Enrollment Standards ARRA: What is its primary role?
• Which statement best describes the outcome of strategic IT planning with respect to direction?
• Which Change Theory is concerned with compliance, identification, internalization, conformity, obedience, and persuasion?
• Which three network values are required to configure a PACS to accept an association from a fluoroscopic unit?
• Which statement is true about probability and odds?
• Which of the following is one of the five key factors associated with successful clinical information system implementation?
• In health IT, strategic planning should align with which elements?
• In diagnostic reasoning, evoking strength and frequency refer to which concepts?
• Which level in the hierarchy of evidence includes guidelines and order sets?
• Which factors commonly contribute to project failure?
• What is a key characteristic of a mission statement?
• What are the primary constraints of project management?
• SpIN relates to diagnostic testing. Which statement best describes it?
• Which statement best describes the role of a strategic IT narrative within an IT strategy document?
• In the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which type of factors is emphasized in the initial assessment phase?
• Alpha error refers to:
• What is the primary function of objectives in strategic planning?
• What is a core idea of complex adaptive systems (complexity science)?
• Which EHR organization method is used to structure laboratory information system results by the source of information (labs, radiology reports, etc.)?
• Which organization certifies standards development in the United States?
• Which statement reflects value-induced bias in probability assessments?
• The Delphi method originated with which organization in the 1950s?
• Allocation bias occurs when:
• Which of the following is true about managerial accounting?
• Which term describes the condition in which information is shared or released in a controlled manner?
• Which components comprise a PEST analysis?
• Which method uses multiple rounds of questionnaires with anonymous summaries to converge on a final answer?
• Constraints on the services provided by an information system are known as which type of requirements?
• In patient identifiers, which property means each person has exactly one canonical identifier?
• Which stage was added as the fifth stage of Tuckman's model in the 1970s?
• Non-repudiation in information security provides what assurance?
• Environmental scanning typically considers four areas. Which set represents those four domains (PEST)?
• Which of the following is characteristic of principled negotiators?
• Which phenomenon describes individuals conforming to a dominant view and dissent being suppressed?
• Which statement about SNOMED is true?
• Which are key features of the healthcare quality professional leadership model?
• Which best describes the cross-domain overlap in Health IT leadership?
• In environmental scanning, the PEST mnemonic stands for which four domains?
• In Bayes' theorem, which expression correctly represents P(A|B) in terms of P(B|A), P(A), and P(B)?
• Which element is emphasized as part of Health IT leadership qualities?
• Which planning tool is commonly used to define discrete work elements in a project?
• Which statement best describes successful communication?
• In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which two quantities are plotted on the axes?
• Which statement correctly contrasts a project with business operations?
• According to Hick-Hyman law, what primarily influences user response time in choice tasks?
• According to McClelland's theory, the dominant motivator depends on culture and life experiences.
• In strategic planning component alignment, which pair describes the force areas that influence IT strategy?
• Which set correctly identifies the core public health functions?
• Which item is not typically listed as a WBS element?
• Which statement best captures social influence theory in the context of change management?
• In what year was the original Tuckman model published?
• In ontology terminology, which option correctly describes the language used to express ontologies?
• In the project management life cycle, how do the level of uncertainty and the cost of changes relate as the project progresses?
• Which option correctly identifies the IT Strategy Document in practice?
• Which method involves giving a task to participants and observing how they perform it?
• Which statement correctly defines efficacy and effectiveness in clinical research?
• RxNorm vs NDC: Which statement best describes their relationship?
• What is the primary focus of Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)?
• Which organization is the interoperability standard source for integrating two different types of radiology information systems (RIS)?
• Managerial accounting information is designed for which audience?
• Which of the following best describes HEDIS?
• SpIN is associated with which concept?
• Open CDS is characterized by which of the following features?
• What is the primary purpose of a Request for Proposal (RFP) in procurement?
• What does the 10-digit, 3-segment NDC number identify?
• Which statement best describes a formal ontology?
• Which element best represents the 'Strategy' component in a strategic plan?
• Which translational phase focuses on applying research to clinical practice and communities?
• In DMAIC, which phase is used to implement changes that address root causes and validate improvements?
• Which elements constitute a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) as described?
• What is a distinguishing characteristic of object databases?
• Which statement best defines the availability heuristic?
• In the UMLS, which identifier is used for terms that share the same notion?
• Consensus mapping is best described as which of the following?
• Which statement about resources is true in project planning?
• In inheritance in object-oriented programming, which statement is true?
• What are the three states described in Buxton's model of graphical input?
• In an object-oriented model, if a Patient class is a subclass of the Person class, what does this illustrate?
• RxNorm is described as substance-oriented, with packaging data sometimes available for drug delivery devices.
• Which statement about QALYs is true?
• In Sirota's three-factor theory, the premise is that organizational goals should not conflict with workers' goals.
• In SNOMED-CT within EHR systems, Post-Coordination refers to
• What is assessment bias?
• In a decision tree, which statement correctly maps the symbols to nodes?
• In the context of diagnostic reasoning, which option best defines the representativeness heuristic?
• What is a common limitation of applying Bayes' theorem in medical research?
• Under the limited data set in 45 CFR 164.514(e), which element is allowed?
• Which decision-making technique involves private idea generation, discussion, and ranking of options?
• What are the four key components included in Strategic Planning?
• In the strategic planning organizational pull model, what primarily drives IT requirements?
• Which type of EHR organizes data by each patient problem?
• What elements are usually included in an operating budget?
• What is the primary intent of HL7 CDA?
• During which phase is the project charter developed and approved?
• In Covell and Manning's 1985 study of information needs in office practice, how many questions arose for every three patients?
• Recall is equivalent to which standard measure?
• Which description best characterizes a project charter?
• Jakob Nielsen is best known for developing what in usability?
• What best defines clinical informatics?
• In a distributed IT governance model for healthcare, which component is essential after implementation?
• What is the primary goal of Health IT Governance?
• How many lifecycle phases are listed for the SDLC in the material?
• Which statement correctly defines precision and recall in information retrieval?
• What distinguishes an ontology from terminology systems?
• In ontologies, when a class is subdivided into subclasses, does the parent class disappear?
• What is the purpose of a Request for Information (RFI) in project planning?
• Which statement about HEDIS is true?
• In a study examining CPOE implementations, which statement best identifies the independent variable?
• What is the formula for specificity in diagnostic testing?
• Which Quality Improvement program is a combined private industry initiative?
• What percentage of US healthcare expenditures is attributed to improper utilization of guidelines protocols and standards?
• Which statement best describes a good IT strategy document?
• Which SDLC stage is primarily responsible for defining the project scope and plan?
• Documents created with word processing software are widely used to transmit information from one system to another. This is an example of what type of standard?
• Which statement about the National Drug Code (NDC) Directory is true?
• In a relational database, what is an attribute most accurately represented by?
• Which statement best describes a controlled vocabulary?
• Which of the following is NOT typically considered a component of strategic planning?
• Which statement best describes how ontologies differ from thesauri?
• Which statement accurately contrasts management and leadership?
• A PICO question includes which components?
• According to Bridges transition theory, what is the primary claim about the speed of managing situational change relative to psychological change?
• Which sequence represents the project management life cycle stages?
• In UMLS, what does the Atomic Unique Identifier (AUI) represent?
• What are considered the two biggest mistakes in communication?
• What are the steps involved in project planning?
• In the SDLC, which phase is primarily concerned with releasing the system to production and transitioning to maintenance?
• Which steps comprise project initiation?
• HL7 CDA design goals: The following statement is true or false: HL7 CDA preserves clinical meaning and backward compatibility while supporting interoperability.
• Time-oriented EHRs organize data in what order?
• What is a stated limitation associated with generic rules in local settings (curly braces concept)?
• Relative Risk is defined as the ratio of disease probability in the exposed group to the disease probability in which group?
• Which statement about metadata is correct?
• How is a strategy best defined in strategic planning?
• Which statement about good project planning is true in mitigating failures?
• What is the best source of information to locate literature closely linked to a key article?
• What is the primary purpose of a project charter?
• Which set constitutes the core SDLC phases as listed in the material?
• Which are typical project planning resources?
• Who are stakeholders in a project charter?
• In Kotter's eight-step transformation framework, which step is about creating a sense of urgency to motivate change?
• Which concept describes individuals' desire to limit the disclosure of personal information?
• Which component focuses on the organization's purpose and primary objectives, guiding IT alignment?
• Which statement best describes backward chaining in rule-based systems?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five rights of clinical decision support (CDS)?
• Which property of patient identifiers guarantees that a given identifier uniquely identifies at most one person?
• MUMPS language was created by which organization?
• Which describes microevaluation?
• Which statement best describes the effect of using checklists in decision making?
• Which device is described as the most technically sophisticated switch that can examine data contents and use IP addressing for security?
• What does a scope management plan primarily document?
• Which description best captures a vision statement?
• What does ICER stand for and what does it measure?
• Which statement describes a heuristic user interface?
• SNOMED's modeling approach is best described as which?
• What is the purpose of strategic planning in health IT?
• Under the HIPAA limited data set, which item is NOT considered PHI?
• In the strategic planning technology push model, what drives IT strategy?
• Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) was created for what purpose?
• Which statement best addresses the challenge of ensuring accurate and comprehensive data in a national disease surveillance database?
• Which SDLC phase focuses on producing system documentation and user manuals?
• Which statement about ROC curves is accurate?
• Which statement best describes a confirmatory test in diagnostic workup?
• Which company adopted ITIL in the 1990s to support its operations framework?
• Which translational phase is concerned with dissemination and implementation in real-world health care settings?
• Which research method involves observing participants in their natural environment?
• In a relational database, what is a tuple most accurately described as?
• Which option is NOT a Belmont Report principle?
• Which organization administers the Quality Data Model?
• Which statement best describes scope creep?
• In evaluating CPOE impact on death rates, which statement identifies the dependent variable?
• Statistical power is defined as:
• What is the formula for sensitivity?
• Which ACID property ensures a transaction is indivisible and all its operations succeed or fail as a unit?
• Using time-trade-off in QALY calculations, which statement is correct?
• In clinical reasoning, how does the breadth of diagnostic possibilities typically evolve as information is gathered?
• Which concept refers to measures that protect information and systems and encompass confidentiality, integrity, and availability?
• What characterizes the function results oriented health care leadership model?
• In the hierarchy of evidence, which option correctly lists the definition of the LR- (likelihood ratio for a negative test)?
• Which UMLS component is particularly helpful for natural language processing?
• Where must the transformation of HL7 messages occur to accommodate added fields and data elements in newer versions?
• Which four elements comprise a strategic plan?
• Which items are typically included in a scope statement?
• Allocation bias in randomized trials leads to:
• In the diffusion of innovation model, which sequence lists adopter categories from earliest to latest?
• Which approach uses a facilitator to help a group reach consensus on the best approach, often by developing clusters that are combined into a process?
• How are rich and lean communication defined in the notes?
• The Hawthorne effect refers to:
• Which component describes the organization's infrastructure and processes?
• Which translational phase describes moving from basic science discoveries to initial human studies?
• Which concept refers to the tendency of a group to adopt more risky or extreme solutions?
• In comparative research, which type of trial is conducted under highly controlled conditions to test whether an intervention works under ideal circumstances?
• In the context of EHR and legal malpractice, which statement is correct?
• Post-test odds are calculated by multiplying pre-test odds by which quantity?
• Which set constitutes the key lifecycle phases in the software development process?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a core SDLC phase?
• Which component concerns the technology backbone and supporting processes?
• Which statement best describes anchoring in diagnostic thinking?
• What strategy would most likely promote adoption of a newly planned clinical information system?
• Which stage was added to Tuckman's model in the 1970s?
• In the DMAIC methodology, which phase is dedicated to identifying root causes of defects through data analysis?
• Which specification is a Standards Development Organization balloted standard?
• What are the three phases of Bridges transition theory?
• In Kotter's eight-step transformation framework, which step involves empowering others to act on the vision?
• What does Metcalfe's law state about networks?
• Health IT governance is a subset discipline of which broader framework?
• What are the two meanings of Just In Time in the context described?
• Which option is NOT one of the original four stages in Tuckman's model of team development?
• Which formula correctly defines the Likelihood Ratio for a positive test (LR+)?
• Foreground questions are typically answered using which approach, including which framework?
• What does 'faceted' classification enable in ontologies?
• Which research method requires participants to verbalize their thoughts while performing a task?
• A business case in a project charter typically justifies the project by outlining what?
• Which of the following is a barrier to negotiation?
• Which statement best describes staffing levels over the project life cycle given a bell-shaped curve?
• Which statement best describes the difference between leadership and management?
• When is a Request for Quotation (RFQ) typically used?
• Which is NOT a Belmont Report principle?
• ITIL originated as a framework for IT service management. Where and when did it develop?
• Which statement best captures SnOUT in diagnostic testing?
• Which of the following is NOT part of Sirota's three-factor theory of motivation?